Optimal waveband identification for estimation of leaf area index of paddy rice

The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index （LAI） estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance （350-2500 nm） and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation： correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 rim. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 rim. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.     

Characterization of high-yield performance as affected by genotype and environment in rice

We characterized yield-relevant characters and their variations over genotypes and environments （locations and years） by examining two rice varieties （9746 and Jinfeng） with high yield potential. 9746 and Jinfeng were planted in two locations of Shanghai, China, during 2005 and 2006. The results show that there was a large variation in grain yield between locations and years. The realization of high yield potential for the two types of rice was closely related to the improved sink size, such as more panicles per square meter or grains per panicle. Stem and leaf biomasses were mainly accumulated from tillering stage to heading stage, and showed slow decline during grain filling. Meanwhile, some photosynthetic characters including net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, leaf area index （LAI）, specific leaf area （SLA）, fluorescence parameter （maximum quantum yield ofPSll, Fv/Fm）, chlorophyll content （expressed as SPAD value）, as well as nutrient （N, P, K） uptake were also measured to determine their variations over genotypes and environments and their relationships with grain yield. Although there were significant differences between years or locations for most measurements, SLA at tillering and heading stages, Fv/Fm and LAI at heading stage, stem biomass at heading and maturity stages, and leaf nitrogen concentration at tillering and heading stages remained little changed, indicating their pos- sible applications as selectable characters in breeding programs. It was also found that stem nitrogen accumulation at tillering stage is one of the most important and stable traits for high yield formation.     

高温对不同菜心品种生长及生理性状的影响

研究了高温对4个菜心品种生长及生理性状的影响。结果表明:501号和1号菜心品种在茎粗、叶数、叶面积、苔重、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性等指标上显著高于31号和2号品种,在丙二醛含量上显著低于31号和2号品种。试验结果说明501号和1号菜心品种的耐热特性强于31号和2号品种,是夏季高温季节种植的推荐品种。     

大豆品种抗旱性研究

本试验采用完全随机区组设计,通过干旱胁迫下不同大豆品系电导率的变化以及酶活性的鉴定,同时对所得数据进行统计分析,得出对于不同大豆品种在干旱条件下的外渗电解质数量是不同的。不同品系抗旱性是有差异的,受旱后,它们体内酶活性的变化和膜伤害程度各不相同。     

洛南烟草新品种比较试验

为了改善烟区的品种布局,在洛南进行6个烤烟新品种（系）GTH-1、云烟100、LJ237、MS96-7、南江3号、9407与对照品种K326、秦烟96、云烟87进行了比较试验,结果表明：南江3号综合性状表现良好。其生物学性状、抗病性、亩产量、亩产值、上等烟比例均极显著的优于对照品种。可以作为洛南烟区的后备烟草品种。     

黄石湖泊“灌江纳苗”的资源与环境效应分析——基于水质变化和养殖品种选择的民意基础调查

对黄石境内四大主要通江湖泊大冶湖、网湖、海口湖、朱婆湖周边渔民及居民进行了深度访谈和问卷调查,探讨了4个不同湖泊水质变化及其原因以及渔民的养殖收益变化,调查了不同湖泊渔民和居民对新的水产品种选择取向以及养殖品种和产量的变化情况。结果显示目标湖区水产品种类和数量均有所减少,大部分渔民乐意引入新的水产品种,渔民们的养殖收益随着水质变差减少了,开展"灌江纳苗"工作有较好的群众基础。     

Preparation and properties of low cost porous titanium by using rice husk as hold space

The present study demonstrates an effective low cost effective process for the production of porous titanium with 50-60 vol% porosity using 20 wt% rice husk(RH) with the hold spaces in the size ranges of 100-180,180-250,250-380,and 380-550 μm.The analysis of the samples revealed an interconnected pore microstructure consisting of a mixture of coarse channel pores,created during burnout of RH.The compressive strength of the developed samples was in the range of 17-70 MPa and depended strongly on their porosity and pore size.Large amounts of cleavage steps appeared on the brittle fracture surface after compression of the samples.The 3D morphology of porous titanium surface with rice husk sizes of 100-180μm and 380-550μm can be characterized by the micro-hole surface of pore size,and the size of the hole diameter and husk.The developed porous titanium is considered potentially useful in future medical or industrial application of biomass.     

Review and prospect of transgenic rice research

Rice is one of the most important crops as the staple food for more than half of the world＇s population. Rice improvement has achieved remarkable success in the past half-century, with the yield doubled in most parts of the world and even tripled in certain regions, which has contributed greatly to food security globally. Rapid population growth and economic development pose a constantly increased food requirement. However, rice yield has been hovering in the past decade, which is mainly caused by the absence of novel breeding technologies, reduction of genetic diversity of rice cultivars, and serious yield loss due to increasingly severe occurrences of insects, diseases, and abiotic stresses. To address these challenges, Chinese scientists proposed a novel rice breeding goal of developing Green Super Rice to improve rice varieties and realize the sustainable development of agriculture, by focusing on the following 5 classes of traits： insect and disease resistance, drought-tolerance, nutrient-use effi- ciency, quality and yield potential. As a modern breeding approach, transgenic strategy will play an important role in realizing the goal of Green Super Rice. Presently, many transgenic studies of rice have been conducted, and most of target traits are consistent with the goal of Green Super Rice. In this paper, we firstly review technical advances of rice transformation, and then outline the main progress in transgenic rice research with respect to the most important traits： insect and disease-resistance, drought-tolerance, nutrient-use efficiency, quality, yield potential and herbicide-tolerance. The prospects of developing transgenic rice are also discussed.     

NaCl胁迫对不同品种旱稻种子发芽的影响

观察了3个不同品种旱稻种子在6个NaCl浓度（0mmol·L^-1、50mmol·L^-1、100mmol·L^-1、150mmol·L^-1、200mmol·L^-1、250mmol·L^-1）下的发芽率及胚芽和胚根的生长.结果表明,3个旱稻品种的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均随着NaCl浓度增加而减小,且活力指数对盐害反映最为明显.芽长也随NaCl浓度的增加而减小,品种间差别不大.3个旱稻品种的根数在NaCl浓度为50mmol·L^-1最高,然后随着NaCl浓度的增加而逐渐减小.不同旱稻品种对盐胁迫的反映不同,2179-1的耐盐性较强,9710次之,0-119较弱.     

诣零半群簇与广义带簇的关系

给出了诣零半群簇与广义带簇的若干性质,并讨论了它们的关系。